A school of illumination that flourished in England and northern France in the eleventh and twelfth centuries. The term emphasizes the close stylistic relationship between works produced on either side of the English Channel. Insular art had already exerted a formative influence on northern French illumination in the ninth century (see Carolingian) and had in turn begun to absorb French influences. After the introduction of Norman artists and Scribes into England following the Norman Conquest in 1066, this trend increased, contributing to the development of Romanesque art.