Scripts
Arabic Paleography
Arabic scripts from the 9th to 20th centuries, using Christian Arabic manuscripts from Sinai and HMML’s collections.
Latin Paleography
Latin scripts from Classical Antiquity to Humanist writing of the 15th century.
Syriac Paleography
Syriac scripts from the earliest Estrangela to the 21st century, including Garshuni.
Lexicon
Lexicon Search
Terms used in manuscript studies
Folio
Folio List
Writing over time
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Folio
How writing changes over time.
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Arabic
Latin
Syriac
Uncial, 7th century
Gothic Textualis, 13th-14th century
Rustic Capitals; Caroline Minuscule, 9th century
Gothic Southern Textualis, 15th century
Uncial, 7th century
Insular Half-Uncial; Anglo-Saxon Minuscule, 8th century
Humanist Minuscule; Humanist Cursive, 15th century
Uncial; Square Capitals, 6th-7th century
Protogothic, 12th century
Gothic Textualis, 14th century
Humanist Minuscule, 15th century
Anglo-Saxon Minuscule, 10th century
Humanist Cursive, 15th century
Insular Half-Uncial, 8th century
Caroline Minuscule; Square Capitals; Uncial; Rustic Capitals, 9th century
Caroline Minuscule; Square Capitals; Uncial, 9th century
Square Capitals, 4th-5th century
Half-Uncial, 5th century
Caroline Minuscule, 9th century
Caroline Minuscule, 11th century
Protogothic, 12th century
Visigothic, 11th-12th century
Beneventan, 11th century
Uncial, 6th century
Protogothic, 12th century
Insular Minuscule, 7th-8th century
Protogothic, 12th century
Serto, 9th century (?)
Estrangela, 7th-8th century
Estrangela, 8th century
Estrangela, 8th century
Estrangela, 7th century
Estrangela, 10th century (?)
Estrangela, 12th century
Estrangela, 9th century
Naskh, 19th Century
Naskh, 14th Century
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