• Amharic:

  አብንት
• Arabic:

  أصل
• Armenian:

  օրինակ
• French:

  exemplar; modéle
• German:

  Exemplar
• Italian:

  exemplar; modello
• Latin:

  exemplar
• Portuguese:

  exemplar; modelo
• Spanish:

  exemplar; modelo

Michelle Brown, Understanding Illuminated Manuscripts (Malibu, CA: J. Paul Getty Museum in association with the British Library, c1994).

Raymond Clemens and Timothy Graham, Introduction to Manuscript Studies (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2007), 22-24.